J Med Life Sci > Volume 19(3); 2022 > Article |
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SBP: systolic blood pressure, BP: blood pressure, SHEP: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, DHP: dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, Syst-Eur: Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial, Syst-China: Systolic Hypertension in China trial, EWPHE: European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly, HEP: Hypertension in Elderly Patients in Primary Care, MRC1: Medical Research Council trials in mild hypertension, BB: beta-blockers, STOP: Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension,MRC2: Medical Research Council trials in older adults.
BP: blood pressure, Coope: Coope and Warrender’s trial, EWPHE: European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly, NA: data not available, SHEP: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, STOP: Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension, Syst-Eur: Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial, DHP: dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, HYVET: Hypertension in the Very Elderly, ACEI: angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor.
Event | Intensive treatment (n=4,678) | Standard treatment (n=4,683) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome* | 243 (5.2) | 319 (6.8) | 0.75 (0.64-0.89) | <0.001 | |
Secondary outcomes | |||||
Myocardial infarction | 97 (2.1) | 116 (2.5) | 0.83 (0.64-1.09) | 0.19 | |
Acute coronary syndrome | 40 (0.9) | 40 (0.9) | 1.00 (0.64-1.55) | 0.99 | |
Stroke | 62 (1.3) | 70 (1.5) | 0.89 (0.63-1.25) | 0.50 | |
Heart failure | 62 (1.3) | 100 (2.1) | 0.62 (0.45-0.84) | 0.002 | |
Cardiovascular death | 37 (0.8) | 65 (1.4) | 0.57 (0.38-0.85) | 0.005 | |
All death | 155 (3.3) | 210 (4.5) | 0.73 (0.60-0.90) | 0.003 | |
Serious adverse events† | 1,793 (38.3) | 1,736 (37,1) | 1.04 | 0.25 | |
Hypotension | 110 (2.4) | 66 (1.4) | 1.67 | 0.001 | |
Syncope | 107 (2.3) | 80 (1.7) | 1.33 | 0.05 | |
Electrolyte abnormality | 144 (3.1) | 107 (2.3) | 1.35 | 0.02 | |
Injurious fall | 105 (2.2) | 110 (2.3) | 0.95 | 0.71 | |
Acute kidney injury or ARF | 193 (4.1) | 117 (2.5) | 1.66 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as number or patients (%) unless otherwise indicated.
CI: confidence interval, ARF: acute renal failure.
* The primary outcome was the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes,
† A serious adverse event was defined as an event that was fatal or life-threatening, that resulted in clinically significant or persistent disability, that required or prolonged a hospitalization, or that was judged by the investigator to represent a clinically significant hazard or harm to the participant that might require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other events listed above.
Event | Intensive treatment (n=586) | Standard treatment (n=581) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value for Interaction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary CVD outcome* | ||||||
Overall | 75 (0.13) | 106 (0.18) | 0.67 (0.50-0.90) | |||
MoCA score‡ | 0.01 | |||||
>18 (<HS)/>20 (≥HS) | 37 (0.11) | 72 (0.19) | 0.49 (0.33-0.73) | |||
≤18 (<HS)/≤20 (≥HS) | 35 (0.16) | 34 (0.16) | 1.04 (0.65-1.66) | |||
All-cause mortality | ||||||
Overall | 69 (0.11) | 92 (0.15) | 0.67 (0.49-0.92) | |||
MoCA score | 0.003 | |||||
>18 (<HS)/>20 (≥HS) | 24 (0.06) | 57 (0.15) | 0.39 (0.24-0.64) | |||
≤18 (<HS)/≤20 (≥HS) | 42 (0.21) | 35 (0.17) | 1.19 (0.72-1.97) |
Values are presented as number or patients (cumulative incidence of follow-up‡) unless otherwise indicated.
CI: confidence interval, CVD: cardiovascular, HS: high school education, MoCA: montreal cognitive assessment score.
* Primary CVD outcome includes nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes,
Guideline | Age (years) | Treatment threshold | Target BP | DBP* |
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 ACC/AHA [22] | ≥65 | SBP ≥130 | SBP <130, DBP <80 | N/A |
2018 ESC/ESH [23] | 65-79 | SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90 | SBP 130-139, DBP 70-79 | ≥70 |
≥80 | SBP ≥160, DBP ≥90 | SBP 130-139, DBP 70=79 | ≥70 | |
2018 KSH [19] | 65-79 | SBP ≥140 | SBP <140, DBP <90 | ≥70 |
≥80 | SBP ≥160 | SBP <140, DBP <90 | ≥70 | |
2019 Chinese† [25] | 65-79 | SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90 | SBP <140, DBP <90 | ≥70‡ |
≥80 | SBP ≥150, DBP ≥90 | SBP <150, DBP <90 | ≥70‡ | |
2019 JSH [26] | 65-74 | SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90 | SBP <130, DBP <80 | N/A |
≥75 | SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90 | SBP <140, DBP <90 | N/A | |
2019 NICE§ [27] | <80 | SBP ≥140 | SBP <140, DBP <90 | N/A |
≥80 | SBP ≥150 | SBP <150, DBP <90 | N/A | |
2021 ESC∥ [24] | ≥70 | SBP ≥140 | SBP 130-139, DBP <80 | N/A |
2022 KSH [29] | 65-79 | SBP ≥140 | Low and medium CVD risk; SBP <140, DBP <90 | ≥70 |
High CVD risk; SBP <130, DBP <80 | ||||
≥80 | SBP ≥160 | Low and medium CVD risk; SBP <140, DBP <90 | ≥70 | |
High CVD risk; SBP <130, DBP <80 |
Values are presented as number or patients (cumulative incidence of follow-up‡) unless otherwise indicated.
CI: confidence interval, CVD: cardiovascular, HS: high school education, MoCA: montreal cognitive assessment score.
* Primary CVD outcome includes nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes,
Event | Intensive treatment (n=4,243) | Standard treatment (n=4,268) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome* | 147 (3.5) | 196 (4.6) | 0.74 (0.60-0.92) | 0.007 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||
Stroke | 48 (1.1) | 71 (1.7) | 0.67 (0.47-0.97) | |
Acute coronary syndrome | 55 (1.3) | 82 (1.9) | 0.67 (0.47-0.94) | |
Acute heart failure | 3 (0.1) | 11 (0.3) | 0.27 (0.08-0.98) | |
Coronary revascularization | 22 (0.5) | 32 (0.7) | 0.69 (0.40-1.18) | |
Atrial fibrillation | 24 (0.6) | 25 (0.6) | 0.96 (0.55-1.68) | |
Cardiovascular heath | 24 (0.6) | 25 (0.6) | 0.72 (0.39-1.32) | |
Death from any cause | 67 (1.6) | 64 (1.5) | 1.11 (0.78-1.56) | |
Adverse events | ||||
Hypotension† | 146 (3.4) | 113 (2.6) | 1.31 (1.02-1.68) | 0.03 |
Syncope‡ | 6 (0.1) | 2 (<0.1) | 3.02 (0.61-14.97) | 0.18 |
Fracture | 15 (0.4) | 19 (0.4) | 0.79 (0.40-1.56) | 0.50 |
eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 12 (0.3) | 13 (0.3) | 0.93 (0.42-2.04) | 0.85 |
Values are presented as number or patients (%) unless otherwise indicated.
CI: confidence interval, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
* The primary outcome was a composite of stroke, acute coronary syndrome, acute decompensated heart failure, coronary revascularization, atrial fibrillation, or death from cardiovascular causes,
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